Entrevista: “Sala de Visitas” da CRI

Hoje, na Casa Brasil (en frente da embaixada do Brasil), o José da Radio Internacional da China (CRI, China Radio International) me convidou para um almoço bem brasileiro, junto com amigo dele (Rafael, professor de português), para fazer uma entrevista.
A Radio tem um programa de entrevista chamado Sala de Visitas. O departamento em português da CRI é bastante importante:  20 pessoas locais mais 5 estrangeiros (2 do Brasil, 3 do Portugal).
É um programa de 15 minutos transmitido semanalmente para os países que falam português. Além disso, o programa é reproduzido em Portugal por uma rádio FM local e disponibilizado também na internet.
A pauta da conversa:
1- A minha vivência no Brasil e na China
2- O Livro Capitalismo Tóxico
3- Os desafios do governo chinês em relação a questão ambiental.


Achei a conversa legal, a comida boa e felizmente tive duas (boas) caipirinhas para facilitar o papo.
Estou esperando o link!

GPA “retaliation” story changed

See my earlier post. The journalist of China Business Journal (中国经营报社) made some corrections. Here is the link to the corrected report: http://biz.cb.com.cn/12716612/20121229/437401.html
They have all the “报复” changed into “相互制衡” and they put my whole quote into the article.
According to the EUCCC, the original article has been picked up by nearly 100 media.

Gilbert on China Radio International, Portuguese section

(follow details in Portuguese about the interview on CRI about the environment and my book Toxic Capitalism)

Uma conversa sobre questão ambiental na China
2012-12-31 15:54:18 cri
http://portuguese.cri.cn/721/2012/12/31/1s160419.htm

A questão ambiental se tornou um dos maiores desafios que a China enfrenta para levar adiante seu desenvolvimento socioeconômico. O país está ciente do problema e começou a tomar medidas concretas.
Acompanhe nesta edição do programa Oriente-se a conversa entre Luiz Tasso Neto e Inês Zhu sobre o tema. Escute também a entrevista com o belga Gilbert Van Kerckhove, autor do livro Capitalismo Tóxico, que aborda o mundo do meio ambiente, focando a situação na China.

Pode ouvir aqui: http://src.cri.cn/rio/121231/oriente1229.mp3

IHT: not always right either!

See here my Letter to the International Herald Tribune…
Re: Bucharest – Former dictator’s palace now a tourist attraction – 27 December
Dear IHT Friends.
I refer to the article published on 27 in the Hong Kong edition.
The palace is not the second largest administrative building in the world, see here part of my blog entry:
The largest office building in the world is the Long’ao Building, Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province (China), with 370,000 sqm. It is used by the city government. The Pentagon counts 600,000 sqm totally but only 340,000 sqm is used as office. The second runner up is in Bucharest, Romania, the Palace of Parliament, 330,000 sqm.
(The full story is in my blog)
Unless of course the Chinese press messed it all up!

When a Chinese journalist messes up: about GPA

I am frequently interviewed by journalists on a variety of topics. It is often a dangerous experience as quite a number of them try to change your words, focus on certain aspects only while ignoring the overall picture. Or worse, they misunderstand, translate wrongly and then still refuse to admit they messed up. That happens with Western media but Chinese are sometimes worse. One newspaper that often messes up is Global Times – China Daily overall is better.
Just recently I was interviewed by China Business Journal, a weekly newspaper in Chinese focusing on economic events and issues (related to the China Acadamy of Social Science). The journalist misunderstood the terms – and the message – resulting in a flood on the Chinese Internet of other sites reposting the article. The European Chamber was evidently not amused and asked the journalist to publish a correction. Obviously, Chinese never admit even blatant mistakes. See here the article in Chinese but also what I had said (in a rush, as there was a deadline), and what the European Chamber (EUCCC) commented:
The EUCCC likes to clarify the following:
1. Reciprocal/reciprocity is a neutral word in English, which means 相互/互惠,and which by no means could be translated into 报复 (NOTE: 报复’s equivalent in English is Retaliation). This translation is seriously misleading to readers, and also distorts the fundaments of the quotes.
In the correction, please make sure all the appearance of “报复” in the article (e.g. the title, and “报复性立法”) be changed to an equivalently neutral-sounding term as it is originally in English. Suggestion: 相互制衡立法, etc.
2. Gilbert’s statement was meant to help understand the background of the situation. As Gilbert made clear, though the draft law gained support from the parliament, some countries are still not approving it and still need to be convinced.
In the correction, please complete Gilbert’s viewpoint whenever quoting him. Please Do Not cut any key component of the quote by only emphasizing the backup of the parliament, which we see as deliberate misinterpretation and biased reporting.
Given the above-mentioned inappropriateness and misinterpretation, we hereby request your newspaper《中国经营报》 make an official Statement for Correction on both your online and print edition in a timely manner.
My statement the EUCCC refers to:
“GPA covers the entire public bidding, that is in Chinese terms, Government Procurement Law (10% of total) and China Bidding Law (90% of total). China limits its GPA offer to the tiny and irrelevant part of government procurement. As for the infrastructure projects: EU could agree China continues to close its markets but then no Chinese company can participate in any infrastructure project in the EU (rail, highways, public works, water works, …). That is called reciprocity and level playing field! That is also the law now still in the process of approval. I call it the “Reciprocity Law”. What the EU cannot do in China, well, China cannot do in the EU! Simple. Trade is a two-way street, not one direction as China wants. China should stop complaining about “market access problems” in the EU when EU companies suffer from it every day. Trade should be fair.”
Here the Chinese article:
http://biz.cb.com.cn/12716612/20121229/437401.html (and many other links…)
草案初成 欧盟立法“报复”中国政府采购
来源:中国经营网_中国经营报  时间: 2012-12-29 08:52 作者:李艳洁  字 体:大  中  小
针对中国政府采购的“报复性立法”草案已经完成,并提交欧盟成员国讨论,且已取得 欧盟议会的支持。
历经一年多之后,欧盟就中国政府采购的“报复性立法”终于有了实质进展。中国欧 盟商会公共采购工作组主席范克高夫告诉《中国经营报》记者,针对中国政府采购的“报复性立法”草案已经完成,并提交欧盟成员国讨 论,且已取得欧盟议会的支持。
一旦这份报复性立法草案得以通过,中国企业将丧失在欧盟成员国范围内承揽包括铁路、水务在内的大型基础设施建设业 务的机会。欧盟希望借此对中国施压,要求中国政府开放更大范围的政府采购,并将包括部分国有企业采购纳入政府采购范围,向欧盟成员国开放。
出于缓和事态的目的,中国政府日前向世贸组织(下称WTO)提交了加入《政府采购协议》(下称GPA)的第四份出 价,开放福建、山东、广东三省的政府采购范围,并再次降低了工程项目的门槛价,然而,这并未达到欧盟以及与其持相近立场的美国等国的预期标准。而对政府采购所限定的范围不同,则是双方无法达成协议的主要原因。
草案已成 欧盟议会支持
中国企业也别想在欧盟国家中参与任何基础设施项目,如铁路、公路、公共设施、水务等等。
“这项草案的实质是:如果中国仍然不对欧盟国家开放基础设施市场的话,那么中国企业也别想在欧盟国家中参与任何基础设施项目,如铁路、公路、公共设施、水务等等。”范克高夫表示。
他向记者证实,欧盟就中国政府采购的“报复性立法”已经形成草案。
范克高夫称,该草案已经完成,并且送交欧盟各成员国征求意见。“欧盟议会持支持态度,但一些国家持怀疑态度。”
“这项工具(即草案)旨在对第三方国家(即和欧盟国家没有签署双边贸易协定或者GPA协定的国家)制造一个杠杆作 用,以此帮助欧盟的企业在这些国家获得公平的商业机会。”欧盟委员会此前在声明中表示。
根据欧盟委员会的数据,欧盟有价值3520亿欧元公共采购市场向外国企业公开,但美国只有1780亿欧元的公共采 购市场,日本只有270亿欧元的公共采购市场向外企公开。
美国实施的“购买美国货”政策、2011年颁布的《就业法案》和2009年实施的《美国复苏与再投资法案》都让欧盟非常恼火,因为这些政策在刺激美国经济的同时也保护了美国内部市场。
而中国公开的政府采购市场额度,低于美国、日本。
但早在立法动议之初,一名欧洲委员会官员就表示,该项立法“虽然对所有国家都有效力,但主要是针对中国”。按照欧 盟委员会的计算,中国如果加入GPA,将带来800亿欧元的市场规模。
施压采购 国企范畴入列
新提交的清单很可能仅覆盖中国总体公共采购市场的二到三个百分点。
 
“中国的《政府采购法》中对政府采购的定义并不包含大量由国有企业开展的公共采购项目,而在实际运作中,约占 88%的中国公共采购市场是由《招标投标法》涵盖的。此份新修订的清单在坚持此种区分前提下,未能客观反映中国公共采购 市场的实际状况。”中国欧盟商会在声明中表示。
在声明中,中国欧盟商会像以往一样,力图用“公共采购”来代替和扩展中国的“政府采购”。其将公共采购定义为包括 地方政府、事业单位以及国企的采购,如奥运场馆鸟巢、水立方、三峡大坝、高铁网络等工程都被认为是在公共采购的范围内。在西方国家,采购范围比中国宽泛,不仅包括政府预算购买货物、工程和服务项目,也包括铁路、市政工程、电力、通讯、机 场、停车场、港口等公共基础设施项目。
而中国《政府采购法》规定的政府采购范围是“国家机关、事业单位和社会团体使用财政性资金的购买行为”“主要是货 物和服务,有一点点涉及到工程”。西北大学国际法学院副教授杨蔚林介绍。中国欧盟商会则认为,涵盖了大量政府采购行为的《招投标法》适用的范围包括“在中华人民共和国境内的大型基础设施、公用事业等关系社会公共利益、公众安全的项目,全部或者部分使用国有资金投资或者国家融资的项目,使用国际组织或者外国政府贷款、援助资金的项目”。
“大多数中国公共采购项目是在省级以下地区开展,且多数为政府资助的国企项目,而此份清单仅仅涵盖八个省级地区,且无一个省级以下地区被纳入。因此,新提交的清单很可能仅覆盖中国总体公共采购市场的二到三个百分点。这与欧盟所实行标准 形成鲜明对比,其《政府采购协议》规定约85%的欧盟公共采购市场向他国开放。”中国欧盟商会在声明中表示。
杨蔚林认为,中国欧盟商会的目的是扩大我国现行的政府采购制度的适用范围。“欧盟真正关心的是中国的基础设施建设等工程类项目。‘十二五’期间,各地政府都将制定数万亿的规划,对欧盟来说,这是实实在在的‘大蛋糕’。”
范克高夫还表示:“由于获得投资回报率变得越来越困难,中国亟须加快针对公共采购的改革步伐,将基础设施相关项目向所有竞争者开放以吸引私有领域投资,从而降低地方政府负债风险。”
GPA谈判拉锯
采购实体确定后,需要进一步明确开放的货物、服务和工程项目,具体的开放项目同样要通过谈判确定。
GPA是WTO的一项诸边协议(相对多边协议而言,需要与现有的各成员方分别逐一谈判并经过各成员方同意之后方可 加入),目标是促进成员方开放政府采购市场,扩大国际贸易,由WTO成员方自愿签署。目前WTO成员方共有153 个,GPA成员国目前共有41个。
GPA的基本原则是非歧视和透明,即“国民待遇”,对内资和外资企业一视同仁。技术许可、投资要求等方面的限制是 不允许的。而透明原则要求采购的法律法规、程序、操作透明公开。
而GPA的涵盖范围包括中央政府机构、次中央政府机构以及其他公用事业,但并不是一国所有的公共采购都涉及。 GPA本身规定了一些例外领域,主要是涉及国家安全、秘密等项目。除此之外,还可以通过谈判确定协议适用例外,包括中央 采购实体、地区数量及地区采购实体、中央和地方采购实体的采购对象、采购门槛价等。
此外,GPA还规定,发展中国家在谈判加入的时候,可以要求实行这些原则要有一定的前提条件,例如可以就补偿交易进行谈判。补偿交易是指由外商中标的,可要求中标人为拿走本国商业机会做出补偿,包括要求使用一定比例的本地产品、转让 技术、按合同额一定比例投资、出口产品等。
采购实体确定后,需要进一步明确开放的货物、服务和工程项目,具体的开放项目同样要通过谈判确定。
总之,在非歧视和透明的原则下,其他所有都可以谈判,只要GPA的全体成员方能够接受。
在既往的谈判过程中,欧盟通过和中国的高层互访活动以及立法动议等形式,不断表示要求中国“更加开放”的愿望。欧 盟商会以发布各种建议书和调查报告的方式,寻求在华企业商会与其官方代表之间形成内、外呼应。而美国则通过一年一度的战略与经济对话对中国施加影响。